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Patrol missile hydrofoils USS Aquila (PHM 4) forward, USS Gemini (PHM 6) amidships and a third PHM to port. In the background is the Coast Guard Surface Effect Ship (SES) Cutter USCGC Shearwater (WSES 3).
Military Hydrofoil Boat
The Pegasus-class hydrofoils are a family of fast attack patrol boats used by the United States Navy. She served from 1977 to 1993. The designation of these hydrofoil boats is "PHM" which stands for "Missile Patrol Hydrofoil Craft". The Pegasus-class ships were originally designed for NATO operations in the North Sea and Baltic Sea. Other NATO navies, including Germany and Italy, withdrew their participation and the US Navy began purchasing six PHMs, which were highly successful in coastal operations such as counter-narcotics and coastal patrol in the Caribbean basin.
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In the late 1960s, NATO developed a need for a smaller, faster warship to counter the large number of Warsaw Pact missile boats such as the Komor and Osa classes, and decided that hydrofoils were the best way to meet this requirement. In 1970, the new Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), Admiral Elmo Zumwalt, wanted to cost-effectively increase the number of naval surface ships and committed the United States to join NATO's hydrofoil program. The US Navy led a program that proposed adopting the PHM design as a NATO standard and ordered two prototypes in 1972.
The Italian Navy and the West German Federal Navy have signed letters of intent to participate in the program, and other NATO navies, including the Royal Navy and the Canadian Army, are also studying the project.
The US Navy plans to buy 30 PHMs, including 10 for West Germany and four for Italy.
Following Zumwalt's retirement, the Navy decided to direct most of the money spent on PHM to larger ships. This delayed the construction of the Pegasus, and work on the other ships did not begin. Congress forced the Navy to complete the fleet. Difficulties in progressing the project forced the other navies involved to temporarily suspend participation.
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The Pegasus-class vessels are powered by two 800 hp (600 kW) twin-turbocharged Mercedes-Bz diesel engines with water jets (designed by Aerojet).
Bringing them to a speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph). When hydrofoiled, the boats are powered by Jeral Electric LM 2500 gas turbines and oversized waterjets, allowing them to reach speeds of up to 48 knots (89 km; 55 mph).
Carrying two quad RGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missiles and an Otto Melara 76mm gun, the Pegasus is well equipped for its size. In particular, the harpoon can sink large ships at a range of 60 nautical miles (110 km). The West German version will carry the MM38 Exocet.
Since the Pegasus was built earlier than the rest of the series, there are some minor differences such as the fire control system.
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All six aircraft were built by Boeing at the Rton plant on the south shore of Lake Washington in Seattle. They operate in NAS Key West. Along with Boeing, Sperry Corp. for the MK 92 Mod 1 fire control system, Hollandse Signalapparat, Sperry Corp. for the WM 28 fire control system. (licensed), OTO-Melara for the 76mm gun and NAVSEC for design support were the main contractors.
This technology was pioneered by USS Tucumcari (PGH-2), which operated successfully in Vietnam. It was considered more advanced than the Grumman Flagstaff, which was built to the same requirements at the same time. Key technology is also used in Boeing Jetfoil ferries, using an underwater flying foil with water jet propulsion.
The ships were retired because their role in a navy that carried out offensive missions instead of coastal patrols was not considered cost-effective. USS Aries PHM-5 Hydrofoil Memorial, Inc. Aries Memorial taken over for restoration / 38.67083; -91.55278. All other PHMs in this category are sold as scrap. Gemini was converted into a yacht in the early 2000s, but was abandoned by her owners in the 2010s and scrapped in 2017. The US Navy has tested at least one small hydrofoil based on the VT Halter Marine Mk Mod 2 high-speed attack craft, a precursor to the service's stealthy combat craft, the Assault Special Warfare Vessel, or CCA. This news comes 25 years after the service was discontinued 6 years ago
The hydrofoil design first appeared on March 12, 2019, in a video posted on YouTube by the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division, or NSWC Carderock. A video showing the boat moving at high speed is part of a larger video clip of the center's operation attached to the Navy's "Forged by the Sea" recruitment ad.
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There is no description of the cardrock clip or other description of the systems shown, but unless it is a direct hydrofoil modification of one of these high-speed special operations vehicles, the vehicle in question is based on a VT Halter Marine design. The standard MK Mod 2 high-speed attack craft is less than 40 feet long, with a hull made mostly of Kevlar and a pair of high-performance engines.
The hydrofoil is shown in the video below at about 2:27 of the run, in case it wasn't automatically handed to you.
Based in Maryland along the Potomac River, Cardrock specializes in a variety of marine design areas including hull, radar and other signature reduction. The center's work includes experimental ships such as the Advanced Electric Ship Demonstrator (AESD) known as the Sea Jet, a functional quarter-scale model of the DDG-1000 Zumwalt-class stealth destroyer. The full video also includes test footage of other small ship and submarine design models, including experiments using a hull form similar to the M80 Stiletto's experimental stealth ship.
We do not know how many hydrofoil derivatives of the Mk Mod 2 the Navy has, or whether this is part of a wider program to develop a new type of special warfare craft. At the time of writing, Carderrock has yet to respond
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It looks like the Navy has replaced the Mk Mod 2s in the Combat Unit with the new CCA, a 41ft stealthy ship with a composite hull and two engines, and you can go deeper here. The service purchased the boats from the United States Marine Corps as follow-ups to earlier fast attack craft. VT Halter Marine and U.S. The Marine Corps also collaborated on projects in the 1980s, including the Mk V Special Operations Craft (SOC). In 2014, an abandoned and heavily worn Mk Mod 2 was even sold on eBay.
However, there are still some Mk Mod 2s still in service and can still be used for training purposes. The ships were recently spotted during an exercise off the coast of Miami, Florida, first reported by The War Zone, and appear to have involved members of the FBI's Critical Incident Response Group (CIRG).
If the Mk Mod 2s are mostly or completely retired from front-line service, they will be an ideal platform for experimental projects. A fast attack craft with hydrofoils would certainly give naval special operators some advantages.
A Standard MK Mod 2 in the Port of Miami during a training exercise in December 2018. Irving from Miami
Pegasus Class Hydrofoil
Hydrofoils use wing-like structures under the hull to lift off the water and "fly" over it. This reduces the drag encountered when a vessel has to cut into the water in traditional "hull-carrying" voyages.
As a result, hydrofoils are generally faster and often more fuel efficient than conventional designs of similar size. They provide extra stability even in rough seas because they ride over the waves, not through them. This largely eliminates the jumping motion common to other high-speed craft designs such as the CCA, which can be very difficult for the crew and passengers, especially on long missions. The same elevated position provides additional protection from shallow water mines and other hazards.
These boats come in two general design categories, one called surface-piercing foils and the other called fully submerged foils. Surface porosity means that these designs usually have foils that remain partially above the water.
Surface perforations are the simpler of the two general configurations and are more common in commercial hydrofoils, but due to the size of the hydrofoil it still creates a lot of drag. Fully submerged foils are usually smaller and offer better performance.
L45 125.04.04 Uss High Point (pch 1)
During the 1960s and 1970s, the Navy experimented extensively with a variety of surface-perforated and fully submerged hydrofoil designs. The service even sent two prototype gunboat designs with fully submerged foils.
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